to 부정사 <4> 부정형 not to R

to 부정사의 부정형은 주로 다음의 경우 많이 쓰입니다.

- R 하지 않기 위해 / R 하지 않도록
They left the castle not to meet their enemy.
I held the rope tight not to fall from the cliff.

-R 하지 않을 것을
Try not to be late.
He promised me not to complaint.

- R 하지 않는 것은
It was difficult for me not to play computer games during the test period.
It was easy for her not to tell him the secret, because she couldn't speak German.

* to 부정사의 부정형은 To R을 먼저 해석한 후 다시 부정으로 바꾸는 쪽이 편리합니다.

< to 부정사를 사용한 다양한 표현들>

to 부정사가 다양한 해석을 갖지만 보통은 위에서 소개한 다섯 가지 경우에 가장 많습니다. 하지만 이름처럼 다양한 의미를 갖기 때문에 기본 해석과는 차이가 있는 다음 내용을 암기하는 것이 좋습니다. 다양한 유형의 시험에 많이 나오는 내용입니다.

A. 특정동사 + 목적어 + to 부정사 : 목적어가 to 부정사 하기를 (목적보어)
He wanted me to help him. 그는 내가 그를 돕기를 원했다.
She forced me to pay. : 그녀는 내가 돈을 지불하도록 강요했다.

여기에서 특정 동사는 의미상 위와 같은 구조를 가지는 동사들입니다. 예를 들어 ‘eat' 은 목적어는 갖지만 목적보어를 갖기는 어렵습니다. 그러나 tell 은 ’목적어에게 ~하라고 말하다‘ 라는 표현이 가능하기 때문에 목적보어를 가질 수 있습니다.

*한걸음 더: 목적보어
목적보어는 목적어가 하는 행위를 표현하는 말입니다. 문장에서 동사는 주어가 하는 행위입니다. 그러나 동사의 의미에 따라 목적어가 하는 행위도 말하게 되는 경우가 있습니다. 이 때 목적어가 하는 행위를 목적보어라고 부르고 보통 to R 로 표현합니다. 그러나 몇 가지 동사는 동사 원형이나 Ving를 쓰기도 합니다. 이 밖에도 목적보어는 형용사나 명사가 오기도 합니다만 별도의 단원에서 공부하기로 하겠습니다.



B. 형용사 + to 부정사

I was lucky to have a son. : 아들을 갖다니 난 운이 좋다.
You are welcome to stay : (이곳에) 머물겠다니 환영이다.
Be careful not to be rude. : 무례하지 않도록 주의 하라.
He's easy to amuse. : 그는 즐겁게 만들기 쉽다.
These berries are good to eat. : 이 열매들은 먹기에 좋다.
You were foolish to agree with her. : 그녀의 의견에 동의하다니 네가 어리석었다.

이런 경우 to 부정사가 형용사 뒤에 오게 되므로 to 부정사가 형용사를 수식한다고 말할 수 있겠지만 꼭 필요한 설명은 아닙니다. 위의 to부정사들은 부사적 용법에 해당하겠지만 형용사를 수식한다고 또 한 번 구분해야할 필요는 없습니다. 문제에서 요구하거나 이해하는 과정에 도움이 되지는 않기 때문입니다. 다만 to 부정사는 다양하게 해석할 수 있다는 열린 마음으로 생각한다면 충분하다고 생각합니다.

C. 결과나 결론을 말하는 to 부정사 : 동사처럼 해석된다.
주로 grow, become, discover 등

He grew up to be a writer. - 그는 자라서 작가가 되었다.
He came back home to discover the truth. - 그는 집에 돌아와서 진실을 알아냈다.
She grew up to become an English teacher. - 그녀는 자라서 영어 선생이 되었다.

위의 문장을 보면 grow, become 은 주어가 하는 동작이긴 하지만 시간이 지나면 그렇게 되는 것이지 주어가 일부러 하는 행동을 말하는 것은 아닙니다. 누구도 자신이 자라서 할 일이나 직업을 정해두고 그것을 하도록 성장하는 것은 불가능하기 때문입니다. 그러므로 여기에서 to 부정사는 R 하기 위해 / R 하려고 등으로 해석할 수는 없습니다.



문제1) 다음 문장을 영어로 쓰시오.

1. 그녀는 내가 청소를 할 것을 원했다.
2. 그들은 우리가 그 일을 할 것을 요구했다.
3. 선생이 되다니 난 운이 좋다.
4. 머물겠다니 환영이다.
5. 넘어지지 않도록 주의 하라.
6. 아기를 웃게 만들기는 어렵다.
7. 이 음악은 듣기 좋다.
8. 그녀의 말을 믿다니 우리가 어리석었다.
9. 그는 자라서 작가가 되었다.
10. 그는 집에 돌아와서 그녀를 보았다.

문제2) 다음 글에서 모든 to 부정사를 찾아 정확한 뜻을 말꼬리까지 포함하여 쓰시오.

Today Koala Jin decided to go out. It was not sunny, but it was not rainy either. Other Koalas in the tree told her not to go down, but Jin couldn't stand anymore. She jumped to the ground swiftly like a bird. She smelled the dirt. It was still wet, but softer than before. Jin told to her, "This is so nice. If I stay in the tress, I will never feel this."

Jin went on. She wanted to see her friends in the wood. She had to see them, because some of them were living under the ground. Especially she was worried about Young. Young was a sweet little rabbit. She was living in a burrow, and it was under a big tree. Last night a storm hit the area and it could destroy the burrow.

There was also a chicken. It ran away from a farm a few days ago. Its name was Jason. He was living on a farm with his family. One day his mater came to get his aunt. His aunt was terrified and tried to run away, all other chickens in the cage were scared too. Finally Master got her and killed her to cook. Poor aunt became roast chicken.

At that very moment he could understand everything, so he decided to leave the farm. He ran and sometimes flied. After three days, he finally arrived in the woods and met Jin and Young. They became friends and Jason started to live with Young. He missed his family, but he did not want to go back until he found the way to save his family members.

문제3) 다음 글에서 잘못된 부분을 바르게 고치세요.

Finally JIn mets her friends under baobob tree. Rabbi and Jason was OK, but theywere scared. Last night the storm hit their burrow, and it collapsed.
They could gotout before it fell down, but now they didn't had any place rest and sleep. They wereso pleased to see JIn. Jin was happy to saw them safe too. Jin told them to cheerup. Jin promised to helped them to found a new home.

Three friends starts to walk together. First, they need to find something eat. Jasonfound a yummy grass, and there was some flowers and seeds too. They started to
ran. Jin was also hungry, but she couldn't eat anything. She has nothing to eat,because she could eat only one tree. "There is a eucalyptus too." cried Rabbi.

Nowall of them were happy. They ate until they became full. To have nice meal madethem happily and sleepy. They fell asleep.

Suddenly Jin felt something or someone hit her. She opened her eyes. At first shecouldn't see well, because the sun was too bright see a thing. Jin rubbed her eyes
hard to see the thing. It was Piggy, the mean Piggy.Piggy was a big pink pig. She was very bigger than her fellows, and she was muchworse than her fellows too. She was very weak in front of strong animal like lions,tigers, and horses. But she was very cruel to small animals like rabbits, mice, andbird. She was mean and she loved to hurting other animals.



답안지

문제1) 다음 문장을 영어로 쓰시오.

1. 그녀는 내가 청소를 할 것을 원했다.
She wanted me to clean up.

2. 그들은 우리가 그 일을 할 것을 요구했다.
They required us to do the job.

3. 선생이 되다니 난 운이 좋다.
I am lucky to be a teacher.

4. 머물겠다니 환영이다.
You are welcome to stay.

5. 넘어지지 않도록 주의 하라.
Be careful not to fall.

6. 아기를 웃게 만들기는 어렵다.
It is not easy to make babies smile.

7. 이 음악은 듣기 좋다.
The music was good to listen to.

8. 그녀의 말을 믿다니 우리가 어리석었다.
We were foolish to believe her.

9. 그는 자라서 작가가 되었다.
He grew up to be a writer.

10. 그는 집에 돌아와서 그녀를 보았다.
He came back home to see her.



문제2) 다음 글에서 모든 to 부정사를 찾아 정확한 뜻을 말꼬리까지 포함하여 쓰시오.

Today Koala Jin decided to go out. 나갈 것을 It was not sunny, but it was not rainy either. Other Koalas in the tree told her not to go down, 내려가지 말 것을 / 내려가지 말라고but Jin couldn't stand anymore. She jumped to the ground swiftly like a bird. She smelled the dirt. It was still wet, but softer than before. Jin told to her, "This is so nice. If I stay in the tress, I will never feel this."

Jin went on. She wanted to see만나기를 her friends in the wood. She had to see them, because some of them were living under the ground. Especially she was worried about Young. Young was a sweet little rabbit. She was living in a burrow, and it was under a big tree. Last night a storm hit the area and it could destroy the burrow.

There was also a chicken. It ran away from a farm a few days ago. Its name was Jason. He was living on a farm with his family. One day his mater came to get 잡기위해 his aunt. His aunt was terrified and tried to run away, 도망치기 위해all other chickens in the cage were scared too. Finally Master got her and killed her to cook. Poor aunt became roast chicken. At that very moment he could understand everything, so he decided to leave 떠날 것을/ 떠나기로the farm. He ran and sometimes flied. After three days, he finally arrived in the woods and met Jin and Young. They became friends and Jason started to live 살기를with Young.

He missed his family, but he did not want to go back 돌아가기를 until he found the way to save 구할 his family members.



문제3) 다음 글에서 잘 못된 부분을 바르게 고치세요.

Finally JIn met her friends under a baobob tree Rabbi and Jason were OK, but theywere scared. Last night the storm hit their burrow, and it collapsed. They could getout before it fell down, but now they didn't have any places to rest and sleep. They were so pleased to see JIn. Jin was happy to see them safe too. Jin told them to cheer up. Jin promised to help them to find a new home.

Three friends started to walk together. First, they needed to find something to eat. Jason found X yummy grass, and there were some flowers and seeds too. They started to run. Jin was also hungry, but she couldn't eat anything. She has nothing to eat, because she could eat only one tree. "There is a eucalyptus too." cried Rabbi. Now all of them were happy. They ate until they became full. To have a nice meal made them happy and sleepy. They fell asleep.

Suddenly Jin felt something or someone hit her. She opened her eyes. At first shecouldn't see well, because the sun was too bright to see a thing. Jin rubbed her eyes hard to see the thing. It was Piggy, the mean Piggy. Piggy was a big pink pig. She was much : 비교급 앞에서는 매우(very) 대신 훨씬(much) bigger than her fellows, and she was much worse than her fellows too. She was very weak in front of strong animals like lions, tigers, and horses. But she was very cruel to small animals like rabbits, mice, and birds . She was mean and she loved to hurt other animals.

* 주부 김희진은?
- 수도여고, 한양대학교(신문방송학과)를 졸업했습니다.
- 2002~2003년 캐나다 VCC(Vancouver Community College)에서 테솔 과정(TESOL certificate)을 수료하고 아들 영어 공부를 위해 ‘이야기 문법책’을 만들었습니다.
- 궁금한 점이나 의문사항이 있으면 khjhy85@hanmail.net으로 언제든지 연락주세요.

[ⓒ 한스타미디어. 무단전재-재배포 금지]